Our techie journey

Below you will find the key ideas from Chapter 1 of CWISA-102.

Barriers to digital Transformations

From 2018 to 2019, the primary obstacle to digitalization was a lack of comprehension of digital technologies. All six of the top barriers in 2019 were associated with understanding the workings of technologies and addressing the planning challenges tied to them.

A Brief History of Wirelesss

During the Second World War, Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil devised a solution to this problem: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). FHSS’s unpredictable nature aimed to thwart any attempts to jam transmissions, and the initial approach involved spreading data across broader channels

IoT Deployment Process

1. Hardware and Frontend.
2. Protocols and Standard.
3. Device Management.
4. Connectivity Management.
5. Security
6. User Administration.

Common Components of Wireless Solutions

1. Physical Connectivity.
2. Hardware in Use.
3. Lan Networking Requirements.
4. Implementing Wireless Solution.

Ethernet Cabling

Ethernet Standard	Maximum Lenght	Cabling Category
10BBase-T	100 meters	CAT-3
100Base-TX	100 meters	CAT-5 or Higher
1000Base-T (1Gbps)	100 meters	CAT-5 or Higher
2.5GBASE-T (2.5Gbps)	100 meters	CAT-8
5GBASE-T (5 Gbps)	100 meters	CAT-6
10GBASE-T (10 Gbps)	100 meters	CAT-6A
25GBASE-T (25 Gbps)	30 meters	CAT-8
50GBASE-T (50 Gbps)	30	CAT-8

Power over Ethernet

Type	8022.3af	802.3at	802.3bt	802.3bt
Power per port	15.4W	30W	60W	100W
Power per device	12.95X	29.5W	51W	71W
Supported Cabling	Cat5	Cat5	Cat5	Cat5

Wireless Hardware

Wireless Antennas

Antennas are the physical device that takes the signal from the radio and transmits it over the air. Remember, Antennas are a passive elements.

Wireless Base Stations

In Wi-Fi there are referred to as Access Point. In cellular you may hear terms like nano cell, picocell.

Wireless Clients

Are devices with ratios that are connecting to the wireless base stations.

Wireless Control Systems

1. Centralized: A controller is managing the configuration of the entire network. The client connections are established as tunnels to the controller through the AP.
2. Distributed: It means autonomous wireless base stations (APs) are used. In large distributed environments a Wireless Network Management System (WNMS) is used to administer the network as a whole from a single pane of glass.
3. Hybrids Centralized topology exist with a lot of remote sites which have Internet access yet could use some form of Data Tunneling.

Lab Testing

Simulator such EVE-NG allows you to create a virtual topology of several devices, but you will be not able to test traffic patterns.

Network emulator will allow you to lab-specific types of traffic or network conditions such a broadcast storm, or DDOS becomes possible.

Staging

1. Used between the lab and production.
2. Small sections of productions may use it.
3. Purpose

• Test solutions against production processes
• Fix Problems discovered
• Stable rollout in large-scale

Industry Organizations

1. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
2. IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force.
3. ITU: International Telecommunications Union.
4. Regulatory Agency (FCC,IC,CE, etc)
5. Standard Groups
6. Certifications Groups ( CSA, LoRa Alliance, Wi-Fi Alliance)