Our techie journey

Our Study Blog

Chapter Eight CWISA-102

Below you will find the key ideas from Chapter 8 of CWISA-102.

IoT Hardware and Software

Beginning a project with a chip requires a substantial investment of development time and effort. In contrast, starting a project with a computer board entails less time and effort. However, choosing a controller board can achieve an excellent balance between cost, time, and flexibility. In this context, the term «chip» extends beyond a mere processor; it is commonly denoted as a microcontroller. A microcontroller may incorporate diverse components such as ROM, flash memory, SRAM, UARTs, ADC/DAC, offering a comprehensive array of functionalities.

Processors

  1. Special purpose
    • Typically have less processing (less than 500 MHz).
    • My Include communications.
    • May have integrate flash.
    • May Have Multiple Cores.
    • Excellent for battery conservation.
    • Example: ESP32
  2. General purpose
    • More processing power (more than 500 MHz)
    • Requiere extra chips for communications.
    • Requiere external flash.
    • Greater power consumption.
    • Example: ARM Cortex

Common Microcontroller Components

Component Description
ROM Read-Only-Memory for nonvolatile program code.
Flash Memory A ROM that can be reprogrammed and used to store program code.
SRAM Static Random Access Memory for volatile data storage.
RTC Real Time Clock for low power functions.
GPIO General Purpose Input/Output for peripheral for data interface and control of external devices and reading signals from them.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter for peripheral data transfers with a serial protocol.
SPI Serial peripheral interface for off-chip communications.
ADC/DAC Analog to digital convert / Digital to Analog convert.

Types of Memory

  1. Non-Volatile: Retains data when powered is removed.
  2. Volatile: Loss data when power is removed.
  3. Primary Storage: Used for interaction with processor.
  4. Secondary Storage:Used for long-term or mass storage.

Storage

  1. Read Only Memory: May storage boot information, firmware and flash memory (common in IoT).
  2. Spinning Drivers: No common in IoT.
  3. Remote Data Storage: NAS, SAN, File transfer protocols (common in IoT)

Sensors / Actuators

  1. Integrated.
    • Off-the-shell all-in-one devices.
    • Connected internal sensors / actuators.
    • On-board Sensors.
  2. External Sensors.
  • Sensor is external to the computer.
  • May be pluggable
  • Connected through serial or other standard custom interfaces.
, ,
Avatar de Daniel Ordóñez

Posted by:

Daniel Ordóñez

Deja un comentario